As global markets grow more complex and interconnected, the valuation of financial instruments has become both more critical and more vulnerable. While derivatives and other structured products play a vital role in risk management and capital formation, their inherent complexity can also create opportunities for mispricing, manipulation, and in some cases, outright fraud. Regulatory enforcement actions continue to rise across major financial centers, yet penalties alone have not produced a sustained decline in valuation-related infractions.
The white paper Transparency in